Hello Friends..
Today i want to share with you all the TOP 32 NMAP COMMANDS which required to any IT Official.
N
map is short for Network Mapper. It is an open source security tool for network exploration, security scanning and auditing. However, nmap command comes with lots of options that can make the utility more robust and difficult to follow for new users.
The purpose of this post is to introduce a user to the nmap command line tool to scan a host and/or network, so to find out the possible vulnerable points in the hosts. You will also learn how to use Nmap for offensive and defensive purposes.

More about nmap
From the man page:
It was originally written by Gordon Lyon and it can answer the following questions easily:
- What computers did you find running on the local network?
- What IP addresses did you find running on the local network?
- What is the operating system of your target machine?
- Find out what ports are open on the machine that you just scanned?
- Find out if the system is infected with malware or virus.
- Search for unauthorized servers or network service on your network.
- Find and remove computers which don’t meet the organization’s minimum level of security.
Sample setup (LAB)
Port scanning may be illegal in some jurisdictions. So setup a lab as follows:
+---------++---------+ | Network | +--------+| server1 |-----------+ swtich +---------|server2 |+----+----++---------+ | (sw0) | +--------+ || wks01 Linux/OSX || +---------+----------++--------------------+
Where,
- wks01 is your computer either running Linux/OS X or Unix like operating system. It is used for scanning your local network. The nmap command must be installed on this computer.
- server1 can be powered by Linux / Unix / MS-Windows operating systems. This is an unpatched server. Feel free to install a few services such as a web-server, file server and so on.
- server2 can be powered by Linux / Unix / MS-Windows operating systems. This is a fully patched server with firewall. Again, feel free to install few services such as a web-server, file server and so on.
- All three systems are connected via switch.
How do I install nmap?
See:
- Debian / Ubuntu Linux: Install nmap Software For Scanning Network
- CentOS / RHEL: Install nmap Network Security Scanner
- OpenBSD: Install nmap Network Security Scanner
#1: Scan a single host or an IP address (IPv4)
Sample outputs:

#2: Scan multiple IP address or subnet (IPv4)
nmap 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.3## works with same subnet i.e. 192.168.1.0/24nmap 192.168.1.1,2,3
You can scan a range of IP address too:
nmap 192.168.1.1-20
You can scan a range of IP address using a wildcard:
nmap 192.168.1.*
Finally, you scan an entire subnet:
nmap 192.168.1.0/24
#3: Read list of hosts/networks from a file (IPv4)
The -iL option allows you to read the list of target systems using a text file. This is useful to scan a large number of hosts/networks. Create a text file as follows:
cat > /tmp/test.txt
Sample outputs:
server1.cyberciti.biz192.168.1.0/2410.1.2.3192.168.1.1/24localhost
The syntax is:
nmap -iL /tmp/test.txt
#4: Excluding hosts/networks (IPv4)
When scanning a large number of hosts/networks you can exclude hosts from a scan:
nmap 192.168.1.0/24 --exclude 192.168.1.5nmap 192.168.1.0/24 --exclude 192.168.1.5,192.168.1.254
OR exclude list from a file called /tmp/exclude.txt
nmap -iL /tmp/scanlist.txt --excludefile /tmp/exclude.txt
#5: Turn on OS and version detection scanning script (IPv4)
nmap -A 192.168.1.254nmap -v -A 192.168.1.1nmap -A -iL /tmp/scanlist.txt
#6: Find out if a host/network is protected by a firewall
nmap -sA 192.168.1.254nmap -sA server1.cyberciti.biz
#7: Scan a host when protected by the firewall
nmap -PN 192.168.1.1nmap -PN server1.cyberciti.biz
#8: Scan an IPv6 host/address
The -6 option enable IPv6 scanning. The syntax is:
nmap -6 IPv6-Address-Herenmap -6 server1.cyberciti.biznmap -6 2607:f0d0:1002:51::4nmap -v A -6 2607:f0d0:1002:51::4
#9: Scan a network and find out which servers and devices are up and running
This is known as host discovery or ping scan:
nmap -sP 192.168.1.0/24
Sample outputs:
Host 192.168.1.1 is up (0.00035s latency).MAC Address: BC:AE:C5:C3:16:93 (Unknown)MAC Address: 74:44:01:40:57:FB (Unknown)Host 192.168.1.2 is up (0.0038s latency). Host 192.168.1.5 is up.MAC Address: 00:11:32:11:15:FC (Synology Incorporated)Host nas03 (192.168.1.12) is up (0.0091s latency).Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (4 hosts up) scanned in 2.80 second
#10: How do I perform a fast scan?
nmap -F 192.168.1.1
#11: Display the reason a port is in a particular state
nmap --reason 192.168.1.1nmap --reason server1.cyberciti.biz
#12: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
nmap --open 192.168.1.1nmap --open server1.cyberciti.biz
#13: Show all packets sent and received
nmap --packet-trace 192.168.1.1nmap --packet-trace server1.cyberciti.biz
14#: Show host interfaces and routes
This is useful for debugging (ip command or route command or netstat command like output using nmap)
nmap --iflist
Sample outputs:
#15: How do I scan specific ports?
Sample outputs:
#16: The fastest way to scan all your devices/computers for open ports ever
nmap -T5 192.168.1.0/24
#17: How do I detect remote operating system?
Sample outputs:
Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-11-27 01:29 ISTNSE: Loaded 0 scripts for scanning.Scanning 192.168.1.1 [1 port]Initiating ARP Ping Scan at 01:29Initiating Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 01:29Completed ARP Ping Scan at 01:29, 0.01s elapsed (1 total hosts)Initiating SYN Stealth Scan at 01:29Completed Parallel DNS resolution of 1 host. at 01:29, 0.22s elapsed Scanning 192.168.1.1 [1000 ports]Completed SYN Stealth Scan at 01:29, 0.16s elapsed (1000 total ports)Discovered open port 80/tcp on 192.168.1.1 Discovered open port 22/tcp on 192.168.1.1 Initiating OS detection (try #1) against 192.168.1.1Retrying OS detection (try #4) against 192.168.1.1Retrying OS detection (try #2) against 192.168.1.1 Retrying OS detection (try #3) against 192.168.1.1 Retrying OS detection (try #5) against 192.168.1.1MAC Address: BC:AE:C5:C3:16:93 (Unknown)Host 192.168.1.1 is up (0.00049s latency). Interesting ports on 192.168.1.1: Not shown: 998 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh 80/tcp open httpDevice type: WAP|general purpose|router|printer|broadband routerRunning (JUST GUESSING) : Linksys Linux 2.4.X (95%), Linux 2.4.X|2.6.X (94%), MikroTik RouterOS 3.X (92%), Lexmark embedded (90%), Enterasys embedded (89%), D-Link Linux 2.4.X (89%), Netgear Linux 2.4.X (89%)Aggressive OS guesses: OpenWrt White Russian 0.9 (Linux 2.4.30) (95%), OpenWrt 0.9 - 7.09 (Linux 2.4.30 - 2.4.34) (94%), OpenWrt Kamikaze 7.09 (Linux 2.6.22) (94%), Linux 2.4.21 - 2.4.31 (likely embedded) (92%), Linux 2.6.15 - 2.6.23 (embedded) (92%), Linux 2.6.15 - 2.6.24 (92%), MikroTik RouterOS 3.0beta5 (92%), MikroTik RouterOS 3.17 (92%), Linux 2.6.24 (91%), Linux 2.6.22 (90%)No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://nmap.org/submit/ ).TCP/IP fingerprint:OS:SCAN(V=5.00%D=11/27%OT=22%CT=1%CU=30609%PV=Y%DS=1%G=Y%M=BCAEC5%TM=50B3CAOS:4B%P=x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=C8%GCD=1%ISR=CB%TI=Z%CI=Z%II=I%TS=7OS:=M2300ST11NW2%O6=M2300ST11)WIN(W1=45E8%W2=45E8%W3=45E8%W4=45E8%W5=45E8%WOS:)OPS(O1=M2300ST11NW2%O2=M2300ST11NW2%O3=M2300NNT11NW2%O4=M2300ST11NW2%O5 OS:6=45E8)ECN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=4600%O=M2300NNSNW2%CC=N%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%SOS:0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=N)U1(R=Y%DF=N%T=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RIDOS:=O%A=S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%R OS:D=0%Q=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W= OS:=G%RIPCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=40%CD=S)OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ .Uptime guess: 12.990 days (since Wed Nov 14 01:44:40 2012) Network Distance: 1 hop TCP Sequence Prediction: Difficulty=200 (Good luck!) IP ID Sequence Generation: All zeros Read data files from: /usr/share/nmapRaw packets sent: 1126 (53.832KB) | Rcvd: 1066 (46.100KB)Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 12.38 seconds
See also: Fingerprinting a web-server and a dns server command line tools for more information.
#18: How do I detect remote services (server / daemon) version numbers?
nmap -sV 192.168.1.1
Sample outputs:
Starting Nmap 5.00 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-11-27 01:34 ISTInteresting ports on 192.168.1.1: Not shown: 998 closed ports22/tcp open ssh Dropbear sshd 0.52 (protocol 2.0)PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION80/tcp open http?1 service unrecognized despite returning data.
#19: Scan a host using TCP ACK (PA) and TCP Syn (PS) ping
If firewall is blocking standard ICMP pings, try the following host discovery methods:
nmap -PS 192.168.1.1nmap -PS 80,21,443 192.168.1.1nmap -PA 192.168.1.1nmap -PA 80,21,200-512 192.168.1.1
#20: Scan a host using IP protocol ping
nmap -PO 192.168.1.1
#21: Scan a host using UDP ping
This scan bypasses firewalls and filters that only screen TCP:
nmap -PU 192.168.1.1nmap -PU 2000.2001 192.168.1.1
#22: Find out the most commonly used TCP ports using TCP SYN Scan
#23: Scan a host for UDP services (UDP scan)
Most popular services on the Internet run over the TCP protocol. DNS, SNMP, and DHCP are three of the most common UDP services. Use the following syntax to find out UDP services:
nmap -sU nas03nmap -sU 192.168.1.1
Sample outputs:
#24: Scan for IP protocol
This type of scan allows you to determine which IP protocols (TCP, ICMP, IGMP, etc.) are supported by target machines:
nmap -sO 192.168.1.1
#25: Scan a firewall for security weakness
The following scan types exploit a subtle loophole in the TCP and good for testing security of common attacks:
See how to block Xmas packkets, syn-floods and other conman attacks with iptables.
#26: Scan a firewall for packets fragments
The -f option causes the requested scan (including ping scans) to use tiny fragmented IP packets. The idea is to split up the TCP header over
several packets to make it harder for packet filters, intrusion detection systems, and other annoyances to detect what you are doing.
nmap -f 192.168.1.1
nmap -f fw2.nixcraft.net.in
nmap -f 15 fw2.nixcraft.net.in
## Set your own offset size with the --mtu option ##
nmap --mtu 32 192.168.1.1
#27: Cloak a scan with decoys
The -D option it appear to the remote host that the host(s) you specify as decoys are scanning the target network too. Thus their IDS might report 5-10 port scans from unique IP addresses, but they won’t know which IP was scanning them and which were innocent decoys:
nmap -n -Ddecoy-ip1,decoy-ip2,your-own-ip,decoy-ip3,decoy-ip4 remote-host-ipnmap -n -D192.168.1.5,10.5.1.2,172.1.2.4,3.4.2.1 192.168.1.5
#28: Scan a firewall for MAC address spoofing
#29: How do I save output to a text file?
The syntax is:
nmap 192.168.1.1 > output.txtnmap -oN /path/to/filename 192.168.1.1nmap -oN output.txt 192.168.1.1
#30 Scans for web servers and pipes into Nikto for scanning
nmap -p80 192.168.1.2/24 -oG - | /path/to/nikto.pl -h -
nmap -p80,443 192.168.1.2/24 -oG - | /path/to/nikto.pl -h -
#31 Speed up nmap
Pass the -T option:
nmap -v -sS -A -T4 192.168.2.5
Sample outputs:
Starting Nmap 7.40 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2017-05-15 01:52 ISTNSE: Loaded 143 scripts for scanning. NSE: Script Pre-scanning.Initiating NSE at 01:52Initiating NSE at 01:52 Completed NSE at 01:52, 0.00s elapsedScanning 192.168.2.15 [1 port]Completed NSE at 01:52, 0.00s elapsed Initiating ARP Ping Scan at 01:52Initiating SYN Stealth Scan at 01:52Completed ARP Ping Scan at 01:52, 0.01s elapsed (1 total hosts) Scanning dellm6700 (192.168.2.15) [1000 ports]Completed SYN Stealth Scan at 01:53, 4.62s elapsed (1000 total ports)Discovered open port 5900/tcp on 192.168.2.15 Discovered open port 80/tcp on 192.168.2.15 Discovered open port 22/tcp on 192.168.2.15Initiating OS detection (try #1) against dellm6700 (192.168.2.15)Initiating Service scan at 01:53 Scanning 3 services on dellm6700 (192.168.2.15) Completed Service scan at 01:53, 6.01s elapsed (3 services on 1 host)Initiating NSE at 01:53Retrying OS detection (try #2) against dellm6700 (192.168.2.15) NSE: Script scanning 192.168.2.15. Initiating NSE at 01:53 Completed NSE at 01:53, 30.02s elapsed Completed NSE at 01:53, 0.00s elapsed|_ SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4p1 Ubuntu-10Nmap scan report for dellm6700 (192.168.2.15) Host is up (0.00044s latency). Not shown: 996 filtered ports PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open ssh (protocol 2.0) | fingerprint-strings: | NULL: | ssh-hostkey:|_http-server-header: nginx/1.10.0 (Ubuntu)| 2048 1d:14:84:f0:c7:21:10:0e:30:d9:f9:59:6b:c3:95:97 (RSA) |_ 256 dc:59:c6:6e:33:33:f2:d2:5d:9b:fd:b4:9c:52:c1:0a (ECDSA) 80/tcp open http nginx 1.10.0 (Ubuntu) | http-methods: |_ Supported Methods: GET HEAD |_http-title: Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page: It worksSF-Port22-TCP:V=7.40%I=7%D=5/15%Time=5918BCAA%P=x86_64-apple-darwin16.3.0%443/tcp closed https 5900/tcp open vnc VNC (protocol 3.7) 1 service unrecognized despite returning data. If you know the service/version, please submit the following fingerprint at https://nmap.org/cgi-bin/submit.cgi?new-service : SF:r(NULL,20,"SSH-2\.0-OpenSSH_7\.4p1\x20Ubuntu-10\n");Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 3.11 - 4.1 (95%), Linux 4.4 (95%), Linux 3.13 (92%), Linux 4.0 (90%), Linux 2.6.32 (89%), Linux 2.6.32 or 3.10 (89%), Linux 3.2 - 3.8 (89%), Linux 3.10 - 3.12 (88%), Linux 2.6.32 - 2.6.33 (87%), Linux 2.6.32 - 2.6.35 (87%)MAC Address: F0:1F:AF:1F:2C:60 (Dell) Device type: general purpose Running (JUST GUESSING): Linux 3.X|4.X|2.6.X (95%), OpenBSD 4.X (85%) OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.32 cpe:/o:openbsd:openbsd:4.0 No exact OS matches for host (test conditions non-ideal).Initiating NSE at 01:53Uptime guess: 0.000 days (since Mon May 15 01:53:08 2017) Network Distance: 1 hop TCP Sequence Prediction: Difficulty=252 (Good luck!) IP ID Sequence Generation: All zeros Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel TRACEROUTE HOP RTT ADDRESS 1 0.44 ms dellm6700 (192.168.2.15) NSE: Script Post-scanning. Completed NSE at 01:53, 0.00s elapsedRaw packets sent: 2075 (95.016KB) | Rcvd: 50 (3.084KB)Initiating NSE at 01:53 Completed NSE at 01:53, 0.00s elapsed Read data files from: /usr/local/bin/../share/nmap OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 46.02 seconds
#32: Not a fan of command line tools?
Try zenmap the official network mapper front end:
You can install zenmap using the following apt-get command:
$ sudo apt-get install zenmap
Sample outputs:
[sudo] password for vivek:Reading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency treeReading state information... DoneThe following NEW packages will be installed:zenmap0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 11 not upgraded.Need to get 616 kB of archives.Get:1 http://debian.osuosl.org/debian/ squeeze/main zenmap amd64 5.00-3 [616 kB]After this operation, 1,827 kB of additional disk space will be used.Selecting previously deselected package zenmap.Fetched 616 kB in 3s (199 kB/s)Unpacking zenmap (from .../zenmap_5.00-3_amd64.deb) ...(Reading database ... 281105 files and directories currently installed.) Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ...Processing triggers for python-central ...Processing triggers for gnome-menus ... Processing triggers for man-db ...Setting up zenmap (5.00-3) ...
Type the following command to start zenmap:
$ sudo zenmap
Sample outputs

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